Deposition of spray applied to a soybean crop using an unmanned aerial vehicle
Abstract
Abstract: The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, to apply crop protection products has been increasing; however, because this is a recently developed technology, data about its efficacy in many crops are still scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the deposition of a spray applied to a soybean crop with a UAV at two flight speeds and compare it to that of spray applied with a ground-based sprayer. The experiment used a DJI AGRAS MG-1 UAV to spray a soybean crop at the R3 growth stage. The experiment consisted of three treatments with eight replicates for each; the spray was applied using the UAV flying at 15.4 km/h or 21.8 km/h or a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer. The application rate was 10 L/hm2 with the UAV and 115 L/hm2 with the ground-based sprayer. The following parameters were evaluated: deposition of a tracer added to the spray solution (500 g/hm2in all treatments) in the upper and middle parts of the soybean plants using spectrophotometry and droplet coverage, density, and size spectrum using water-sensitive paper cards. Flight speed did not alter droplet coverage, density, or spectrum. The coverage in the middle layer of the soybean canopy was low whether application was by the ground-based application (1.2%) or by the UAV (0.2%), which demonstrated the difficulty of reaching that part of the plants. Tracer deposition in the upper and middle parts of the soybean plants from the UAV was similar to that obtained with the ground-based application.
Keywords: agricultural pesticides, drone, unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV, Glycine max, application technology
DOI: 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20210402.167
Citation: Cunha J P A R, Silva M R A. Deposition of spray applied to a soybean crop using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Int J Precis Agric Aviat, 2021; 4(2): 8–13.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
artinez?Guanter J, Agüera P, Agüera J, Perez?Ruiz M. Spray and economics assessment of a UAV?based ultra?low?volume application in olive and citrus orchards. Precision Agriculture, 2020; 21: 226–234. doi: 10.1007/s11119-019-09665-7
Hunter III JE, Gannon TW, Richardson RJ, Yelverton FH, Leon RG. Integration of remote-weed mapping and an autonomous spraying unmanned aerial vehicle for site-specific weed management. Pest Management Science, 2020; 76(4):1386–1392. doi: 10.1002/ps.5651
Xiao J, Chen L, Pan F, Deng Y, Ding C, Liao M, Su X, Cao H. Application method affects pesticide efficiency and effectiveness in wheat fields. Pest Management Science, 2020; 76(4): 1256–1264. doi: 10.1002/ps.5635
Xiongkui H, Bonds J, Herbst A, Langenakens J. Recent development of unmanned aerial vehicle for plant protection in East Asia. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2017; 10(3): 18–30. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20171003.3248
Richardson B, Rolando C, Kimberley MO. Quantifying spray deposition from a UAV configured for spot spray applications to individual plants. Transactions of the ASABE, 2020; 63(4): 1049–1058. doi: 10.13031/ trans.13724
Lan YB, Chen SD. Current status and trends of plant protection UAV and its spraying technology in China. International Journal of Precision Agricultural Aviation, 2018; 1(1): 1–9. doi: 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20180101. 0002
Liao J, Zang Y, Luo X, Zhou Z, Lan Y, Zang Y, Gu X, Xu W, Hewitt A. Optimization of variables for maximizing efficacy and efficiency in aerial spray application to cotton using unmanned aerial systems. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2019; 12(2): 10–16. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191202.4288
Lv M, Xia S, Tang Y, He Y. Influence of UAV flight speed on droplet deposition characteristics with the application of infrared thermal imaging. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2019; 12(3): 10–17. doi: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191203.4868
Martin DE, Woldt WE, Latheef MA. Effect of application height and ground speed on spray pattern and droplet spectra from remotely piloted aerial application systems. Drones, 2019; 3(4): 83. doi: 10.3390/ drones3040083
Tang Y, Hou CJ, Luo SM, Lin JT, Yang LZ, Huang WF. Effects of operation height and tree shape on droplet deposition in citrus trees using an unmanned aerial vehicle. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2018; 148: 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2018.02.026
Wang J, Lan Y, Wen S, Hewitt AJ, Yao W, Chen P. Meteorological and flight altitude effects on deposition, penetration, and drift in pineapple aerial spraying. Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020; 15: 2382. doi: 10.1002/apj.2382
Chen P, Lan Y, Huang X, Qi H, Wang G, Wang J, Wang L, Xiao H. Droplet deposition and control of planthoppers of different nozzles in two-stage rice with a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle. Agronomy, 2020; 10(2): 303. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10020303
Zhang XQ, Song XP, Liang YJ, Qin ZQ, Zhang BQ, Wei JJ, Li YR, Wu JM. Effects of spray parameters of drone on the droplet deposition in sugarcane canopy. Sugar Tech, 2020; 22: 583–588. doi: 10.1007/s12355-019- 00792-z
Yan X, Yuan H, Zhou X, Wang M, Shi X, Chen Y, Yang D. Control efficacy of different pesticide formulations and fan-nozzle model on wheat aphids by UAVs. International Journal of Precision Agricultural Aviation, 2020; 3(2): 35–39. doi: 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20200302.74
Yongjun Z, Shenghui Y, Chunjiang Z, Liping C, Lan Y, Yu T. Modelling operation parameters of UAV on spray effects at different growth stages of corns. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2017; 10(3): 57–66. doi: 10.3965/j.ijabe.20171003.2578
Köppen W. Climatologia. 1948; Fundo de Cultura Econômica, México. 478p.
Velini ED. Estudo e desenvolvimento de métodos experimentais e amostrais adaptados à matologia. 1995; PhD Thesis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu.
Antuniassi UR, Velini ED, Oliveira RB, Peres-Oliveira MA, Figueiredo ZN. Systems of aerial spraying for soybean rust control. Engenharia Agrícola, 2011; 31(4): 695–703. doi: 10.1590/S0100-69162011000400008
Chen S, Lan Y, Zhou Z, Ouyang F, Wang G, Huang X, Deng X, Cheng S. Effect of droplet size parameters on droplet deposition and drift of aerial spraying by using plant protection UAV. Agronomy, 2020; 10(2): 195. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10020195
Qin WC, Qiu BJ, Xue XY, Chen C, Xu ZF, Zhou QQ. Droplet deposition and control effect of insecticides sprayed with an unmanned aerial vehicle against plant hoppers. Crop Protection, 2016; 85: 79–88. doi: 10.1016/ j.cropro.2016.03.018
Yu Y, Zhu H, Frantz JM, Reding ME, Chan KC, Ozkan HE. Evaporation and coverage area of pesticide droplets on hairy and waxy leaves. Biosystems Engineering, 2009; 104: 324–334. doi: 10.1016/ j.biosystemseng.2009.08.006
Mewes WLC, Teixeira MM, Fernandes HC, Zanuncio JC, Alvarenga CB. Aplicação de agrotóxicos em eucalipto utilizando pulverizador pneumático. Revista Árvore, 2013; 37(2): 347–353. doi: 10.1590/S0100- 67622013000200016
Cunha JPAR, Juliatti FC, Reis EF. Tecnologia de aplicação de fungicida no controle da ferrugem asiática da soja: resultados de oito anos de estudos em Minas gerais e Goiás. Bioscience Journal, 2014; 30(4): 950–957.
Wang G, Li X, Andaloro J, Chen P, Song C, Shan C, Chen S, Lan Y. Deposition and biological efficacy of UAV-based low-volume application in rice fields. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, 2020; 3(2): 65–72. doi: 10.33440/j.ijpaa.20200302.86
Hunter III JE, Gannon TW, Richardson RJ, Yelverton FH, Leon RG. Coverage and drift potential associated with nozzle and speed selection for herbicide applications using an unmanned aerial sprayer. Weed Technology, 2019; 34(2): 235–240. doi: 10.1017/wet.2019.101
Teske ME, Wachspress DA, Thistle HW. Prediction of aerial spray release from UAVs. Transactions of the ASABE, 2018; 61: 909–918. doi: 10.13031/trans.12701
Zhang H, Qi L, Wu Y, Musiu EM, Cheng Z, Wang P. Numerical simulation of airflow field from a six-rotor plant protection drone using lattice Boltzmann method. Biosystems Engineering, 2020; 197: 336–351. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2020.07.018
Xiao Q, Du R, Yang L, Han X, Zhao S, Zhang G, Fu W, Wang G, Lan Y. Comparison of droplet deposition control efficacy on phytophthora capsica and aphids in the processing pepper field of the unmanned aerial vehicle and knapsack sprayer. Agronomy, 2020; 10(2): 10020215. doi: 10.3390/agronomy10020215
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.